{"id":2317,"date":"2023-04-05T21:34:58","date_gmt":"2023-04-05T19:34:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.boglarchamp.ro\/?p=2317"},"modified":"2023-04-05T21:34:58","modified_gmt":"2023-04-05T19:34:58","slug":"honnan-kapta-a-nevet-a-bolondgomba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.boglarchamp.ro\/hu\/honnan-kapta-a-nevet-a-bolondgomba\/","title":{"rendered":"Honnan kapta a nev\u00e9t a bolondgomba?"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Bolondgomb\u00e1nak a n\u00e9pnyelvben leggyakrabban a l\u00e9gy\u00f6l\u0151 gal\u00f3c\u00e1t (Amanita muscaria), valamint a p\u00e1rducgal\u00f3c\u00e1t (Amanita pantherina) nevezik, amelyek \u201eaz embert r\u00e9szeg\u00edtik m\u00e9rgez\u00e9s\u00fckkel\u201d. Ezeket a pszichotikus, hallucinog\u00e9n gomb\u00e1kat sz\u00e1mos kult\u00far\u00e1ban haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k a s\u00e1m\u00e1nok r\u00e9v\u00fcletkelt\u0151 szerk\u00e9nt, els\u0151sorban az \u00e9szaki f\u00e9ltek\u00e9n, az ur\u00e1li n\u00e9pek k\u00f6r\u00e9ben \u00e9s Szib\u00e9ri\u00e1ban.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kutat\u00f3k szerint azoknak a n\u00e9peknek a m\u00faltj\u00e1ban lehet l\u00e9gy\u00f6l\u0151gal\u00f3ca-fogyaszt\u00e1sra k\u00f6vetkeztetni, amelyekn\u00e9l a nyelv meg\u0151rizte ennek nyom\u00e1t (erre utal maga a \u201ebolondgomba\u201d kifejez\u00e9s is), p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az \u00e9szaki, balti, szib\u00e9riai n\u00e9pekn\u00e9l. Szib\u00e9ri\u00e1ban \u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3lag eg\u00e9szen a k\u00f6zelm\u00faltig haszn\u00e1ltak az \u0151slakos k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gekben – p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az obiugor n\u00e9pekn\u00e9l, vogulokn\u00e1l \u00e9s az osztj\u00e1kokn\u00e1l – l\u00e9gy\u00f6l\u0151 gal\u00f3c\u00e1t k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 ritu\u00e1l\u00e9khoz.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0151t van egy elm\u00e9let is, ami szerint a lappf\u00f6ldi piros ruh\u00e1s Mikul\u00e1s \u201e\u0151se\u201d val\u00f3j\u00e1ban a gomb\u00e1t\u00f3l r\u00e9v\u00fcletbe esett s\u00e1m\u00e1n, akinek a sz\u00e1nj\u00e1t szint\u00e9n begomb\u00e1zott r\u00e9nszarvasok h\u00fazt\u00e1k… mert a r\u00e9nszarvasok egy\u00e9bk\u00e9nt k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen kedvelik a l\u00e9gy\u00f6l\u0151 gal\u00f3c\u00e1t, \u00e9s el\u0151szeretettel fogyasztj\u00e1k. Innen sz\u00e1rmazna az elm\u00e9let szerint a rep\u00fcl\u0151 sz\u00e1n legend\u00e1ja. Vannak, akik a kar\u00e1csonyf\u00e1ra aggatott d\u00edszek el\u0151dj\u00e9nek is a l\u00e9gy\u00f6l\u0151 gal\u00f3c\u00e1kat tekintik, azzal \u00e9rvelve, hogy egykor a s\u00e1m\u00e1nok a begy\u0171jt\u00f6tt gomb\u00e1kat a f\u00e1kra felaggatva sz\u00e1r\u00edtott\u00e1k. Az aj\u00e1nd\u00e9koz\u00e1si gesztus is \u00f6sszef\u00fcgghet a gal\u00f3cafogyaszt\u00e1s kultusz\u00e1val: a s\u00e1m\u00e1nok az elm\u00e9let szerint a k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g minden csal\u00e1dj\u00e1nak vittek a sz\u00e1r\u00edtott gomb\u00e1b\u00f3l, hogy senki se maradjon ki az \u00e9lm\u00e9nyb\u0151l.<\/span><\/p>\n

Magyar nyelven egy\u00e9bk\u00e9nt ritk\u00e1n a hal\u00e1los m\u00e9rg\u0171 gyilkos gal\u00f3c\u00e1t (Amanita phalloides) vagy a feh\u00e9r gal\u00f3c\u00e1t (Amanita verna) is bolondgomb\u00e1nak nevezi a n\u00e9pnyelv, pedig ut\u00f3bbiak elfogyaszt\u00e1sa nem r\u00e9v\u00fcletet, hanem hal\u00e1lt okoz.<\/span><\/p>\n

A p\u00e1rducgal\u00f3ca abban is k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6zik a l\u00e9gy\u00f6l\u0151 gal\u00f3c\u00e1t\u00f3l, hogy nem tartalmaz muszkarint. A rokons\u00e1g tov\u00e1bbi tagjaihoz tartozik a s\u00e1rga gal\u00f3ca (Amanita gemmata), amely szint\u00e9n tartalmaz ibot\u00e9nsavat, valamint a barna gal\u00f3ca (Amanita regalis), amely nagyon hasonl\u00edt a l\u00e9gy\u00f6l\u0151 gal\u00f3c\u00e1hoz, csak a kalapja sz\u00edn\u00e9ben k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6zik, \u00e9s kimondottan a magas hegys\u00e9geket kedveli.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A bolondgomb\u00e1r\u00f3l sz\u00e1mos n\u00e9pi mond\u00e1s is fennmaradt, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul \u201e\u00fagy besz\u00e9l, mintha bolondgomb\u00e1t evett volna\u201d \u2013 ezt arra mondj\u00e1k, aki \u0151r\u00fclts\u00e9geket mond, \u00f6sszevissza hablatyol, vagy nem \u00e9rthet\u0151en, \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9stelen\u00fcl besz\u00e9l. Egy tov\u00e1bbi kifejez\u00e9s \u2013 \u201enem ettem bolondgomb\u00e1t\u201d \u2013 jelent\u00e9se, hogy a besz\u00e9l\u0151 \u00f6n\u00e9rzetesen hangs\u00falyozza saj\u00e1t \u00e9pelm\u00e9j\u0171s\u00e9g\u00e9t egy \u0151r\u00fcltnek tartott \u00f6tlettel kapcsolatban, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul \u201enem bolondultam meg, hogy ezt \u00e9s ezt tegyem\u201d.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=”L\u00e9gy\u00f6l\u00e9st\u0151l vizu\u00e1lis ikonig: a l\u00e9gy\u00f6l\u0151 gal\u00f3ca a legismertebb gomba” font_container=”tag:h3|text_align:left” use_theme_fonts=”yes” link=”target:_blank”][vc_column_text]A l\u00e9gy\u00f6l\u0151 gal\u00f3ca<\/b> egyes felt\u00e9telez\u00e9sek szerint a vil\u00e1g leg\u0151sibb hallucinog\u00e9n szere. Nagyj\u00e1b\u00f3l az eg\u00e9sz \u00e9szaki f\u00e9lg\u00f6mb\u00f6n megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3, ez\u00e9rt is v\u00e1lhatott bel\u0151le a gombafajok vizu\u00e1lis ikonja: mes\u00e9sk\u00f6nyvek illusztr\u00e1ci\u00f3it\u00f3l emotikonokig mindenhol megtal\u00e1ljuk a piros alapon feh\u00e9r p\u00f6tty\u00f6s kalapj\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ez a gombafaj alapvet\u0151en a h\u0171v\u00f6set kedveli, \u00edgy az \u00e9szaki orsz\u00e1gokban \u00e9s magasabb hegyeken gyakoribb. A latin neve onnan ered, hogy r\u00e9gebben m\u00e9rg\u00e9t pap\u00edrra kent\u00e9k, amelyre r\u00e1sz\u00e1lltak a legyek \u00e9s elpusztultak.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kalapja f\u00e9lg\u00f6mb alak\u00fa, \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban 10-20 cm sz\u00e9les, piros, esetleg narancss\u00e1rga, id\u0151sebb kor\u00e1ban barn\u00e1s-s\u00e1rg\u00e1s. A feh\u00e9r foltok val\u00f3j\u00e1ban burokmaradv\u00e1nyok rajta, amelyeket n\u00e9ha az es\u0151 lemos, ilyenkor a l\u00e9gy\u00f6l\u0151 gal\u00f3ca kalapja teljesen piros, p\u00f6tty\u00f6k n\u00e9lk\u00fcl. E gomba t\u00f6nkje szint\u00e9n feh\u00e9r, \u00e9s nagy, lel\u00f3g\u00f3 gall\u00e9rja van. J\u00faliust\u00f3l okt\u00f3ber-novemberig terem, f\u0151k\u00e9nt feny\u0151erd\u0151ket, ny\u00edreseket \u00e9s t\u00f6lgyeseket kedvel.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00e9rgez\u0151 gombak\u00e9nt tartjuk sz\u00e1mon, de komplik\u00e1ci\u00f3kat ink\u00e1bb csak akkor okoz, ha gyerekek vagy id\u0151sek fogyasztj\u00e1k el. Mivel nagyon jellegzetes k\u00fclsej\u0171, neh\u00e9z \u00f6sszet\u00e9veszteni ehet\u0151 gomb\u00e1kkal, ez tov\u00e1bb cs\u00f6kkenti a m\u00e9rgez\u00e9s es\u00e9ly\u00e9t. Ha m\u00e9gis megt\u00f6rt\u00e9nik, hogy az emberi szervezetbe ker\u00fcl, a m\u00e9rgez\u00e9s t\u00fcnetei a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151k lehetnek: sz\u00e9d\u00fcl\u00e9s, \u00e1lmoss\u00e1g, f\u00e9l\u00e1lomszer\u0171, r\u00e9szeg \u00e1llapot, hallucin\u00e1ci\u00f3k, izzad\u00e1s, k\u00f6nnyez\u00e9s, hasf\u00e1j\u00e1s, ny\u00e1ladz\u00e1s. Kutat\u00f3k m\u00e9g vizsg\u00e1lj\u00e1k, hogy pontosan milyen hat\u00f3anyagok felel\u0151sek ezek\u00e9rt a t\u00fcnetek\u00e9rt, val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171, hogy egyszerre t\u00f6bb alkaloid (az<\/span><\/p>\n

ibot\u00e9nsav, a muszcimol \u00e9s a muszkazon) okozza a m\u00e9rgez\u0151 \u00e9s pszichotikus hat\u00e1st.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A l\u00e9gy\u00f6l\u0151 gal\u00f3c\u00e1t t\u00f6bb form\u00e1ban fogyasztott\u00e1k a s\u00e1m\u00e1nok: sz\u00e1r\u00edtva, \u00e9telbe keverve, vagy f\u0151zetk\u00e9nt. Egy \u00e9rdekess\u00e9g, hogy r\u00e1j\u00f6ttek, hogy a l\u00e9gy\u00f6l\u0151 gal\u00f3c\u00e1t fogyaszt\u00f3 szem\u00e9ly vizelet\u00e9nek elfogyaszt\u00e1sa is pszichotikus hat\u00e1s\u00fa (a hat\u00f3anyagok a vizeletben nem bomlanak le).<\/span><\/p>\n

Egy\u00e9bk\u00e9nt nemcsak a kar\u00e1csonyi r\u00e9nszarvasok szeretik a bolondgomb\u00e1t: kutat\u00f3k megfigyelt\u00e9k, hogy m\u00f3kusok fogyasztottak l\u00e9gy\u00f6l\u0151 gal\u00f3c\u00e1t \u00e9s p\u00e1rducgal\u00f3c\u00e1t Jap\u00e1n erd\u0151s\u00e9geiben, an\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy ut\u00f3lag a m\u00e9reganyagoknak valamilyen v\u00e9gzetes hat\u00e1s\u00e1t meg lehetett volna rajtuk figyelni. A kutat\u00f3k felt\u00e9telez\u00e9se szerint a gomb\u00e1k sp\u00f3r\u00e1i val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg s\u00e9rtetlen\u00fcl \u00e1tjutnak a m\u00f3kusok em\u00e9szt\u0151rendszer\u00e9n, \u00e9s ezzel a m\u00f3kusok hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rulnak a gomb\u00e1k terjeszt\u00e9s\u00e9hez. A gomb\u00e1k pedig a maguk sor\u00e1n hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rulnak az erd\u0151k fenntart\u00e1s\u00e1hoz: n\u00e9lk\u00fcl\u00f6zhetetlen szerep\u00fck lehet a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyvil\u00e1g fennmarad\u00e1s\u00e1ban, mivel olyan t\u00e1panyagokat tudnak felvenni a talajb\u00f3l, amelyre a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek k\u00e9ptelenek, \u00e1m a f\u00e1k gy\u00f6kereivel \u00f6sszekapcsol\u00f3dva a gombafonalakon kereszt\u00fcl maguk a f\u00e1k is r\u00e9szes\u00fclnek ezekb\u0151l.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ha tov\u00e1bbi \u00e9rdekess\u00e9geket szeretn\u00e9l megtudni a gomb\u00e1kr\u00f3l, ebben a cikkben olvashatsz az ehet\u0151 \u00e9s m\u00e9rgez\u0151 gomb\u00e1kkal kapcsolatos t\u00e9vhitekr\u0151l<\/a>, itt pedig bemutatunk n\u00e9h\u00e1ny igaz\u00e1n k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges gomb\u00e1t a nagyvil\u00e1gb\u00f3l.\u00a0<\/a><\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ezeket a pszichotikus, hallucinog\u00e9n gomb\u00e1kat sz\u00e1mos kult\u00far\u00e1ban haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k a s\u00e1m\u00e1nok r\u00e9v\u00fcletkelt\u0151 szerk\u00e9nt, els\u0151sorban az \u00e9szaki f\u00e9ltek\u00e9n, az ur\u00e1li n\u00e9pek k\u00f6r\u00e9ben \u00e9s Szib\u00e9ri\u00e1ban.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2321,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2317","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-4","description-off"],"yoast_head":"\nHonnan kapta a nev\u00e9t a bolondgomba? - Boglar Champ<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boglarchamp.ro\/hu\/honnan-kapta-a-nevet-a-bolondgomba\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Honnan kapta a nev\u00e9t a bolondgomba? 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